System for loading a transcatheter valve prosthesis into a delivery catheter

ABSTRACT

A tool for use in loading a transcatheter valve prosthesis within a delivery catheter includes a body portion, a pivotable element and a biasing element. The body portion includes a central passageway extending form a proximal end to a distal end of the body portion. The central passageway is configured to receive a distal portion of a delivery catheter therethrough. The pivotable element is attached to the body portion and is configured to secure a tether during loading of a transcatheter valve prosthesis within the delivery catheter. The biasing element compresses the pivotable element against the body portion such that the pivotable element holds a second end against the delivery catheter and secures the tether thereto. The pivotable element may be two or more pivotable elements.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments hereof relate to prosthetic heart valves and methods forloading the prosthetic heart valve within a delivery catheter. Morespecifically, the invention relates to a system including a loadingtool, and methods for loading the prosthetic heart valve into thedelivery catheter.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Heart valves, such as the mitral, tricuspid, aortic, and pulmonaryvalves, are sometimes damaged by disease or by aging, resulting inproblems with the proper functioning of the valve. Heart valve problemsgenerally take one of two forms: stenosis in which a valve does not opencompletely or the opening is too small, resulting in restricted bloodflow; or insufficiency in which blood leaks backward across a valve whenit should be closed.

Heart valve replacement via surgical procedure is performed for patientssuffering from valve regurgitation or stenotic calcification of theleaflets. Conventionally, the vast majority of valve replacements entaila full sternotomy and placing the patient on cardiopulmonary bypass.

Traditional open surgery inflicts significant patient trauma anddiscomfort, requires extensive recuperation times, and may result inlife-threatening complications.

To address these concerns, efforts have been made to perform cardiacvalve replacements using minimally-invasive techniques. In thesemethods, laparoscopic instruments are employed to make small openingsthrough the patient's ribs to provide access to the heart. Whileconsiderable effort has been devoted to such techniques, widespreadacceptance has been limited by the clinician's ability to access onlycertain regions of the heart using laparoscopic instruments.

Still other efforts have been focused upon percutaneous transcatheter(or transluminal) delivery of replacement cardiac valves to solve theproblems presented by traditional open surgery and minimally-invasivesurgical methods. In such methods, a prosthetic heart valve, also knownas a valve prosthesis, a valve stent, or a stented valve, is compactedfor delivery in a catheter and then advanced, for example through anopening in the femoral artery and through the descending aorta to theheart, where the prosthesis is then deployed in the valve annulus (e.g.,the aortic valve annulus).

Various types and configurations of prosthetic heart valves are used inpercutaneous valve procedures to replace diseased natural human heartvalves. The actual shape and configuration of any particular prostheticheart valve is dependent to some extent upon the valve being replaced(i.e., mitral valve, tricuspid valve, aortic valve, or pulmonary valve).In general, prosthetic heart valve designs attempt to replicate thefunction of the valve being replaced and thus will include valveleaflet-like structures used with either bioprostheses or mechanicalheart valve prostheses. In order to prepare such a prosthetic heartvalve for percutaneous implantation, one type of prosthetic heart valvecan include a stent frame made of a self-expanding material. With thesesystems, the prosthetic heart valve is crimped down to a desired sizeand held in that compressed state within a capsule or sheath of adelivery catheter, for example. Loading the prosthetic heart valve intothe capsule of the delivery catheter is generally accomplished manuallyand can be difficult and time consuming. In an example, the deliverycatheter may include a plurality of tethers, with a looped end of eachtether threaded or woven through a respective portion of the frame ofthe prosthetic heart valve. Each looped end is looped around a tetherpost of the delivery catheter. Once the looped end of each of theplurality of tethers are looped through the frame of the prostheticheart valve and the respective tether post, the looped ends must be heldin place as the delivery catheter is manipulated such that tether posts,and releasably coupled prosthetic heart valve is loaded into the capsuleand retained therein. However, manually holding the looped ends of theplurality of tethers for proper retraction and loading into the deliverycatheter is difficult and time consuming.

Accordingly, there is a need for systems, tools and methods for quicklyand easily loading a prosthetic heart valve into a delivery catheter.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments hereof are related to a tool for loading a transcathetervalve prosthesis within a delivery catheter. The tool includes a bodyportion, a pivotable element and a biasing element. The body portionincludes a central passageway extending from a proximal end to a distalend of the body portion. The body portion is configured to slidablyreceive the delivery catheter therein. The pivotable element is attachedto the body portion. The pivotable element is configured to secure atether during loading of the transcatheter valve prosthesis within thedelivery catheter. The biasing element compresses the pivotably elementagainst the body portion. The biased pivotable element is configured tohold a second end of the pivotable element against the deliverycatheter, securing the tether during loading of the valve prosthesis.

Embodiments hereof are also directed to a system for loading a stentwithin a delivery catheter. The system includes a delivery catheter anda loading tool. The delivery catheter has a tether for attaching thestent to the delivery catheter during loading. The loading tool has apivotable element. The loading tool is configured to slide onto thedelivery catheter. The pivotable element is further configured to securea looped end of the tether against the delivery catheter during loadingof the stent.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The foregoing and other features and advantages of the invention will beapparent from the following description of embodiments hereof asillustrated in the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings,which are incorporated herein and form a part of the specification,further serve to explain the principles of the invention and to enable aperson skilled in the pertinent art to make and use the invention. Thedrawings are not to scale.

FIG. 1 is a perspective illustration of a loading tool in accordancewith an embodiment hereof, in a closed configuration.

FIG. 2A is a perspective illustration of the loading tool of FIG. 1 in asecond configuration.

FIG. 2B is a perspective illustration of the loading tool of FIG. 1 in athird configuration.

FIG. 3A is a side illustration of a body portion of the loading tool ofFIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment hereof

FIG. 3B is a side illustration of a body portion of the loading tool ofFIG. 1 according to another embodiment hereof.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional illustration of the body portion of theloading tool of FIG. 1 taken along line 4-4 in accordance with anembodiment hereof

FIG. 5 is a side illustration of a pivotable element of the loading toolof FIG. 1.

FIG. 6A is a side illustration of a delivery catheter in accordance withan embodiment hereof.

FIG. 6B is an exploded illustration of the delivery catheter of FIG. 6A.

FIG. 7A is a side illustration of a heart valve prosthesis frame withthe frame in the normal, or expanded condition.

FIG. 7B is an end illustration of the heart valve prosthesis frame ofFIG. 7A.

FIG. 8A is a perspective illustration of a portion of the deliverycatheter of FIG. 6A in accordance with principles of the presentdisclosure, along with a portion of the heart valve prosthesis frame ofFIG. 7A in a compressed condition.

FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional illustration of a portion of the deliverycatheter of FIG. 8A.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the loading tool of FIG. 3A on thedelivery catheter of FIG. 6A.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the loading tool of FIG. 3A on thedelivery catheter of FIG. 6A with a plurality of tethers extendedtherefrom.

FIG. 11 is a perspective illustration of the delivery catheter of FIG.6A with the tethers trapped by the loading tool of FIG. 3A.

FIG. 12 is a perspective illustration of the plurality of tetherstrapped by the outer sheath of the delivery catheter of FIG. 6A.

FIGS. 13A-13D are perspective illustrations of the loading of the valveprosthesis of FIG. 7A into a capsule of the delivery catheter of FIG. 6Awith the tool of FIG. 3A.

FIG. 14 is a perspective illustration of the loaded capsule of thedelivery catheter of FIG. 6A.

FIG. 15 is a perspective illustration of a loading tool in accordancewith another embodiment hereof, in a first configuration.

FIG. 16 is a perspective illustration of the loading tool of FIG. 15 ina second configuration.

FIG. 17 is a side illustration of a body portion of the loading tool ofFIG. 15 according to another embodiment hereof.

FIG. 18 is a side illustration of a pivotable element of the loadingtool of FIG. 15 in accordance with an embodiment hereof

FIG. 19 is a perspective illustration of a securing device of theloading tool of FIG. 15 in accordance with an embodiment hereof

FIG. 20 is a perspective illustration of the loading tool of FIG. 15 onthe delivery catheter of FIG. 6A with the tethers extended.

FIG. 21 is a perspective illustration of the loading tool of FIG. 15 onthe delivery catheter of FIG. 6A showing a loop of a tether beingdisposed under a pivotable element of the loading tool.

FIG. 22A is a perspective illustration of the delivery catheter of FIG.6A with one of the tethers looped through the frame of the valveprosthesis of FIG. 7A and trapped by the loading tool of FIG. 15.

FIG. 22B is a closer perspective illustration of the delivery catheterof FIG. 6A with one the tethers looped through the frame of the valveprosthesis of FIG. 7A and trapped by the loading tool of FIG. 15.

FIG. 23 is a perspective illustration of the plurality of tetherstrapped by the outer sheath of delivery catheter of FIG. 6A.

FIG. 24A is a side illustration of loading cone in accordance with anembodiment hereof;

FIG. 24B is a side illustration of a portion of the loading cone of FIG.24A.

FIGS. 25A-25E are perspective illustrations of the loading of the valveprosthesis of FIG. 7A into a capsule of the delivery catheter of FIG. 6Awith the loading cone of FIG. 24A.

FIG. 26 is a perspective illustration of the loaded capsule of thedelivery catheter of FIG.

6A.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Specific embodiments of the present invention are now described withreference to the figures, wherein like reference numbers indicateidentical or functionally similar elements. The terms “distal” and“proximal” when used in the following description to refer to a loadingtool, a catheter or delivery catheter are with respect to a position ordirection relative to the treating clinician. Thus, “distal” and“distally” refer to positions distant from or in a direction away fromthe clinician and “proximal” and “proximally” refer to positions near orin a direction toward the clinician. When the terms “distal” and“proximal” are used in the following description to refer to a device tobe implanted into a vessel, such as a prosthetic heart valve, they areused with reference to the direction of blood flow. Thus, “distal” and“distally” refer to positions downstream in the direction of blood flowand “proximal” and “proximally” refer to positions upstream in thedirection of blood flow.

Heart valve prostheses (hereafter referred to as a “valve prostheses”for sake of simplicity) for use with and/or forming a part of thevarious transcatheter systems, devices and methods described herein mayassume a wide variety of different configurations, and can bespecifically configured for replacing any of the four native heartvalves of the human heart. Thus, a valve prosthesis useful with thesystems, devices, and methods hereof may generally be used forreplacement of a native aortic, mitral, pulmonic or tricuspid valve, orto replace a failed valve prosthesis, such as one that may have beenpreviously implanted in the native aortic or mitral valve, for example.

In general terms, such a valve prosthesis includes a frame (stent)defining an internal area within which a valve body portion having twoor more valve leaflets (tissue or synthetic) is secured. The frame ofthe valve prosthesis has an expanded or deployed configuration thatcorresponds with implantation at a particular target site within theheart, and a compressed or delivery configuration when loaded within adelivery catheter, also known as a catheter-based delivery device, ordelivery device, for delivery to a particular target site within theheart. Generally, each frame is a support structure that comprises anumber of struts or wire segments arranged relative to each other toprovide desired properties to the valve prosthesis, such ascompressibility and strength. The frame may be constructed toself-deploy or self-expand from the compressed configuration to theexpanded configuration when released from the delivery catheter. Theterm “self-expand” and other forms thereof are used in the followingdescription and are intended to convey that the frame structure of avalve prosthesis used in embodiments hereof is shaped or formed from amaterial that can be provided with a mechanical memory to return theframe structure from a compressed (delivery) configuration to anexpanded (deployed) configuration. Non-exhaustive exemplaryself-expanding materials include stainless steel, a pseudo-elastic metalsuch as a nickel titanium alloy or nitinol, various polymers, or aso-called super alloy, which may have a base metal of nickel, cobalt,chromium, or other metal. Mechanical memory may be imparted to a wire orscaffold frame by thermal treatment to achieve a spring temper instainless steel, for example, or to set a shape memory in a susceptiblemetal alloy, such as Nitinol. Various polymers that can be made to haveshape memory characteristics may also be suitable for use in embodimentshereof to include polymers such as polynorborene, trans-polyisoprene,styrene-butadiene, and polyurethane. As well poly L-D lactic copolymer,oligo caprylactone copolymer and polycyclooctene can be used separatelyor in conjunction with other shape memory polymers. As an example, avalve prosthesis of the current disclosure may be similar to theMedtronic CoreValve® transcatheter aortic valve replacement valveprosthesis and as described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,226,710 to Nguyen, whichis incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

FIGS. 1-14 illustrate a system 100 and a method for loading atranscatheter valve prosthesis (hereafter referred to as a “valveprosthesis” for sake of simplicity) into a delivery catheter inaccordance with an embodiment hereof. The system 100 includes a loadingtool 102 (hereafter referred to as “tool 102” for sake of simplicity)and a delivery catheter 200. The system 100 further includes a loadingconfiguration wherein the delivery catheter 200 is received within acentral passageway 110 of the tool 102 for loading of a valve prosthesistherein, and a delivery configuration wherein the delivery catheter 200is not received within the tool 102. The system 100 is configured suchthat when the system 100 is in the loading configuration, the loadingtool 102 assists in loading the valve prosthesis into the deliverycatheter 200, as described in greater detail below.

In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-5, the tool 102 includes a bodyportion 104, a plurality of pivotable elements 136, and a biasingelement 162, as shown in FIG. 1. The body portion 104 of the tool 102includes a proximal end 106, a distal end 108 and an inner surfacedefining the central passageway 110 extending distally from the proximalend 106 to the distal end 108. The central passageway 110 is an opening(bore or lumen) extending through the entirety of the longitudinalcenter of the body portion 104 along a first longitudinal axis LA1. Thebody portion 104 is sized and configured to slidably receive a distalportion of the delivery catheter 200 therethrough. When the tool 102 ispositioned over the distal portion of the delivery catheter 200, thebody portion 104 is further configured to assist in loading a valveprosthesis 300 into the delivery catheter 200.

In an embodiment shown in FIG. 3A, the central passageway 110 (shown asthe dotted line) of the body portion 104 includes a first portion 112and a tapered portion 118. The first portion 112 extends distally from aproximal end 114 co-located with the proximal end 106 of the bodyportion 104 to a distal end 116, proximal of the distal end 108 of thebody portion 104. The first portion 112 is of a generally cylindricalshape and of a consistent first diameter D1. The tapered portion 118 ofthe central passageway 110 extends from a proximal end 120 coupled tothe distal end 116 of the first portion 112 distally to a distal end 122co-located with the distal end 108 of the body portion 104. The taperedportion 118 flares radially outwards from the proximal end 120 with thefirst diameter D1 to the distal end 122 with a second diameter D2,wherein the second diameter D2 is greater than the first diameter D1.Thus, the tapered portion 118 is of a general conical shape with thelarger, second diameter D2 adjacent the distal end 108 of the bodyportion 104 tapering down (reducing diameter) proximally to the proximalend 120 at the co-located distal end 116 of the first portion 112. Thetapered portion 118 is configured to compress the valve prosthesisduring loading into the delivery catheter 200. The conical shape of thetapered portion 118 of the central passageway 110 is configured to ease(facilitate) radial compression of the valve prosthesis as the valveprosthesis is loaded into the delivery catheter 200. In anotherembodiment, shown in FIG. 3B, the body portion 104 includes a centralpassageway 110′ extending from a proximal end 106′ to a distal end 108′.The central passageway 110′ is a generally tubular shape that is of aconsistent diameter D3. The body portion 104 may be formed of metaland/or polymeric material such as, but not limited to polyethylene,PEBA, polyamide and/or combinations thereof. The body portion 104 may beformed by various methods, non-limiting examples of which includemachining, extrusion, molding, or other methods and combinations ofmethods.

The body portion 104 further includes a plurality of pivotable elementslots 124 (FIG. 4). Each pivotable element slot 124 is a channel orrecess defined within an outer surface of the body portion 104. In anembodiment, each pivotable element slot 124 is defined by a first wall126, a second wall 128, and a recessed surface 130, as shown in FIG. 4.The first and second walls 126, 128 extend generally radially outwardfrom the outer surface of the body portion 104, generally perpendicularto the first longitudinal axis LA1. The facing surfaces of thecorresponding first and second walls 126, 128 are generally parallel toeach other and extend longitudinally along the body portion 104 from thedistal end 108 (FIG. 1) extending proximally to a location distal of theproximal end 106 (FIG. 1). A width W of each pivotable element slot 124is sized to pivotably receive the corresponding pivotable element 136(FIG. 1) therein. Each pivotable element slot 124 includes a pivot bore132. In an embodiment, the pivot bore 132 extends transversely to thepivotable element slot 124 and through corresponding first and secondwalls 126, 128, as shown in FIG. 4. Each pivot bore 132 is configured toreceive a pivot 134 therethrough, such that the pivot 134 extendsthrough the first wall 126, the corresponding pivotable element 136 (notshown in FIG. 4 for clarity), and the corresponding second wall 128. Thepivot 134 is configured such that the corresponding pivotable element136 (FIG. 1) is pivotable about the pivot 134. Thus, the pivot 134couples the corresponding pivotable element 136 within the correspondingpivotable element slot 124 and is the pivot point about which thecorresponding pivotable element 136 may pivot, as shown in FIG. 2A. Inan embodiment, the pivot 134 is a pin or shaft. While the embodiment ofFIGS. 1-4 show the body portion 104 with six (6) pivotable element slots124, it is understood that more or fewer pivotable element slots 124 andcorresponding pivotable elements 136 may be provided, depending on theapplication. Moreover, while the pivotable element slots 124 and thecorresponding pivotable elements 136 are shown spaced equally about aperimeter of the tool 102, this is not meant to limit the design and thepivotable element slots 124 and the corresponding pivotable elements 136may not be equally spaced about the perimeter of the tool 102.

The tool 102 includes the plurality of pivotable elements 136, as shownin FIG. 1. FIG. 5 shows in greater detail one of the pivotable elements136. Each pivotable element 136 is configured to secure a correspondingtether of the delivery catheter during loading of the valve prosthesisinto the delivery catheter, as described in greater detail below. Eachpivotable element 136 includes a first end 142 and a second end 144. Thefirst end 142 is towards the proximal end 106 of the body portion 104and the second end 144 is adjacent the distal end 108 of the bodyportion 104. In an embodiment, the second end 144 of each pivotableelement 136 extends distally beyond the distal end 108 of the bodyportion 104. Each pivotable element 136 extends longitudinally along theouter surface of the body portion 104 at least partially within thecorresponding pivotable element slot 124. Each pivotable element 136 ispivotably coupled to the body portion 104 by the corresponding pivot134, as previously described. In an embodiment, each pivotable element136 further includes a bend 148 and a contact surface 150 at the secondend 144. The bend 148 is configured such that the second end 144 of thepivotable element 136 is curved radially inward towards the firstlongitudinal axis LA1 of the body portion 104 distal of the distal end108 of the body portion 104, as shown in FIG. 1. More specifically, thebend 148 is configured such that the contact surface 150 at the secondend 144 of each pivotable element 136 is aligned generally parallel tothe first longitudinal axis LA1 when each pivotable element 136 is in afirst (closed) configuration, as shown in FIG. 1. In an embodiment, thesecond end 144 of each pivotable element 136 is biased towards the firstlongitudinal axis LA1 by the biasing element 162 (FIG. 1), describedbelow. Thus, when each pivotable element 136 is in the first (closed)configuration, the respective contact surface 150 of each pivotableelement 136 is biased towards the first longitudinal axis LA1 of thetool 102. Moreover, when each pivotable element 136 is in a second(open) configuration, described in greater detail below, the second end144 of the respective pivotable element 136 is disposed radially outwardfrom the distal end 108 of the body portion 104 of the tool 102, asshown in FIG. 2A.

In an embodiment, each pivotable element 136 further includes a pivotslot 152, as shown in FIG. 2A and in greater detail in FIG. 5. In anembodiment, each pivot slot 152 is an oval aperture extendingtransversely through a body portion of the pivotable element 136. Whenthe pivotable element 136 is coupled to the body portion 104, thepivotable slot 152 is aligned with the corresponding pivot bore 132. Thepivot slot 152 is aligned with the pivot bore 132 such that thecorresponding pivot 134 may be disposed therethrough. The pivot slot 152is configured such that the pivotable element 136 may pivot about thecorresponding pivot 134. The pivot slot 152 includes a first (proximal)end 154 and a second (distal) end 156. The pivot slot 152 includes asecond longitudinal axis LA2 aligned generally parallel to the firstlongitudinal axis LA1 of the body portion 104 when the pivotable element136 is in the second configuration (FIG. 2A) or a third (locked open)configuration (FIG. 2B). When in the second configuration or the thirdconfiguration, the pivot slot 152 is slidable or translatable relativeto the pivot 134 and thus the corresponding pivotable element 136 isslidable or translatable relative to the body portion 104, as describedbelow.

In an embodiment, each pivotable element 136 further includes anactuator surface 146, as shown in FIG. 1 and in greater detail in FIG.5. Each actuator surface 146 is configured for user manipulation topivot the corresponding pivotable element 136 about the correspondingpivot 134. In an embodiment, each actuator surface 146 is disposedadjacent to the corresponding first end 142 of the pivotable element136. Each actuator surface 146 is a surface facing radially outward fromthe first longitudinal axis LA1 of the body portion 104. Each actuatorsurface 146 may include a texture thereon to assist in manipulation ofthe pivotable element 136. While the actuator surface 146 is describedherein as disposed adjacent to the first end 142 of the pivotableelement 136, this is not meant to limit the design, and the actuatorsurface 146 may be disposed in other locations suitable for the purposesdescribed herein.

In an embodiment, each pivotable element 136 further includes a biasingslot 158 on an outer surface 160 of each pivotable element 136, as shownin FIG. 1 and in greater detail in FIG. 5. The biasing slot 158 isdisposed between the first end 142 and the second end 144 of eachpivotable element 136. The outer surface 160 described herein is thesurface of the pivotable element 136 facing radially outward from thefirst longitudinal axis LA1 of the body portion 104. Each biasing slot158 is sized and configured to receive the biasing element 162 thereinsuch that the biasing element 162 biases the second end 144 towards thefirst longitudinal axis LA1. Each biasing slot 158 may be formed as anintegral component of the pivotable element 136 by methods including,but not limited to casting, machining, or other methods suitable for thepurposes described herein.

In an embodiment, each pivotable element 136 may be situated relative tothe body portion 104 in a first or closed configuration (FIG. 1), asecond or open configuration (FIG. 2A) and the third or locked openconfiguration (FIG. 2B). Alternatively, in other embodiments, eachpivotable element 136 may include only the first and the secondconfigurations. In the first configuration, the contact surface 150 ofthe respective pivotable element 136 is substantially parallel to thefirst longitudinal axis LA1 of the loading tool 102 and biased thereto,as shown in FIG. 1. Moreover, when in the first configuration, the pivot134 is disposed at the second (distal) end 156 of the pivot slot 152. Inaddition, when the pivotable element 136 is in the first configurationand the system 100 is in the loading configuration, the contact surface150 of the pivotable element 136 is configured to contact an outersurface of the delivery catheter 200 and secure a tether of the deliverycatheter during loading of the valve prosthesis 300 therein, asdescribed in greater detail below. In the second configuration, thecontact surface 150 of the respective pivotable element 136 is disposedradially outward from the body portion 104 (FIG. 2A) and does notcontact an outer surface of the delivery catheter 200 when the system100 is in the loading configuration. Further, when the pivotable element136 is in the second configuration, the pivot 134 is disposed at thesecond (distal) end 156 of the pivot slot 152 such that the pivotableelement is biased to return to the first configuration by the biasingelement 162. In the third configuration, the pivotable element 136 isslid or translated distally within the corresponding pivotable elementslot 124 and relative to the body portion 104 and locked into the thirdconfiguration. In the third configuration, the contact surface 150 ofthe respective pivotable element 136 disposed radially outward from thebody portion 104 (FIG. 2B) and does not contact the outer surface of thedelivery catheter 200 when the system 100 is in the loadingconfiguration. Further, when the pivotable element 136 is in the thirdconfiguration, the pivot 134 is disposed at the first (proximal) end 154of the pivot slot 152. With the pivot 134 disposed at the first(proximal) end 154 of the pivot slot 152, and the first end 142 of thepivotable element 136 pushed towards the longitudinal axis LA1, thecenter of rotation of the pivotable element has been shifted such thatthe biasing element 162 biases the pivotable element 126 towards thethird configuration. This allows the pivotable element 136 to remainopen without pressure applied to the surface 146. Each pivotable element136 may be transitioned from the first configuration to the secondconfiguration by user application of inward radial force to a proximalportion of the pivotable element. Each pivotable element 136 may betransitioned from the second configuration to the third configuration byuser application of a distal longitudinal force to the pivotable element136.

As shown in FIG. 1, the tool 102 further includes the biasing element162. In general, the biasing element 162 applies an inward radial forceon each pivotable element 136. In an embodiment, the biasing element 162is an elastic band which encircles (circumferentially surrounds) theplurality of pivotable elements 136 and is received within thecorresponding biasing slot 158 of each pivotable element 136. Thebiasing element 162 is of an elastic or shape memory material with apre-set collapsed state. The elastic structure allows the biasingelement 162 to stretch or expand to an expanded state when manipulatedand return to the collapsed state when not manipulated. The biasingelement 162 is in the expanded state when disposed around the pivotableelements 136. Because, the biasing element 162 is pre-set to thecollapsed state, the biasing element 162 applies an inward radial force(compression) to the pivotable elements 136. More particularly, when thesystem 100 is in the loading configuration and the plurality ofpivotable elements 136 are in the first configuration, the biasingelement 162 is configured to apply an inward radial force such that thecontact surface 150 at each second end 144 of the correspondingpivotable element 136 is held against the delivery catheter and trapsthe corresponding tether therein. Further, when any pivotable element136 is in the second configuration, the biasing element 162 exerts aninward radial force on a distal portion of the pivotable element 136such that when the pivotable element 136 is no longer manipulated by auser to the second configuration, the pivotable element 136 will returnto the first configuration. Additionally, when any pivotable element 136is in the third configuration, the biasing element 162 exerts an inwardradial force to bias the pivotable element 136 toward the thirdconfiguration. In the embodiment shown, the biasing element is anelastic band made of materials such as, but not limited to, naturalrubber or synthetic rubber, polyester, elasthane or any other materialsuitable for the purposes described herein. However, the biasing element162 can also be other types of devices that can biased the pivotableelements 136 as described. For example, and not by way of limitation,the biasing element may comprise coils, springs, movable weights, orother similar biasing devices.

Operation and transition of the pivotable elements 136 may now bedescribed in greater detail. In an embodiment described previously withreference to FIGS. 1-2B, each pivotable element 136 of the tool 102 maybe disposed in the first configuration, the second configuration, andthe third configuration. To transition each pivotable element 136 fromthe first configuration (FIG. 1) to the second configuration (FIG. 2A),the actuator surface 146 of the respective pivotable element 136 ismanipulated by a user with an inward radial force applied thereto in thedirection of arrow 137 (FIG. 2A). Application of the inward radial forcepivots the pivotable element 136 about the pivot 134, transitioning thepivotable element 136 from the first configuration to the secondconfiguration. If user applied force is removed for the actuatingsurface 146, the inward radial force (bias) applied to the distalportion of the pivotable element 136 by the biasing element 162 willtransition the pivotable element 136 from the second configuration backto the first configuration. To transition each pivotable element 136from the second configuration (FIG. 2A) to the third configuration (FIG.2B), the actuator surface 146 of the pivotable element 136 may bemanipulated with a longitudinal force applied distally thereto in thedirection of arrow 138 (FIG. 2A). Application of the longitudinal forceapplied distally to the pivotable element 136 slides/translates thepivotable element 136 distally within the corresponding pivotableelement slot 124. Further, as the pivotable element 136 slides distally,the pivot slot 152 of the pivotable element 136 slides distally over thepivot 134 such that the pivot 134 effectively slide/translates from thesecond end 156 to the first end 154 of the pivot slot 152 (FIG. 2B). Dueto the shift in location of the pivot 134, the inward radial forceapplied by the biasing element 162 to the pivotable element 136 retainsor locks the pivotable element 136 in the third configuration withoutcontinued user manipulation. The pivotable element 136 may betransitioned from the third configuration to the second configurationwith application of a longitudinal force applied proximally to theactuator surface 146 in the direction of arrow 140 (FIG. 2B). Withapplication of the longitudinal force in the proximal direction, thepivotable element 136 slides/translates proximally within thecorresponding pivotable element slot 124, thus transitioning thepivotable element 136 from the third configuration to the secondconfiguration, and release of the pivotable element 136 transitions itto the first configuration.

FIGS. 6A-6B show an exemplary embodiment of the delivery catheter 200 ofthe system 100 with which embodiments of the tool 102 described hereinmay be used. The delivery catheter 200 is configured to deliver a valveprosthesis to the site of a defective heart valve or defective valveprosthesis. The delivery catheter 200 may be similar to the deliverycatheters described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2015/0112430 to Creaven et al., which is incorporated by referenceherein in its entirety. In general terms, the delivery catheter 200,also referred to as a delivery device, includes a handle assembly 201,an inner shaft assembly 202, an outer sheath 204 and a distal (dilator)tip 206. The outer sheath 204 and the distal tip 206 combine to form acapsule 208. The capsule 208 is configured to retain a valve prosthesisin a compressed configuration therein for delivery to a desiredtreatment location. The delivery catheter 200 further includes a valveretainer 210, as shown in FIG. 6B. The valve retainer 210 is configuredto retain a portion of the valve prosthesis for loading the valveprosthesis into the capsule 208 of the delivery catheter 200. Morespecifically, the valve retainer 210 includes at least one tether post212, a corresponding groove 214 around a proximal portion of each tetherpost 212, and a corresponding tether 216. Each tether 216 is an elongatemember with a first end and a second end coupled to the deliverycatheter 200. Each tether is configured to releasably couple the valveprosthesis to the delivery catheter 200 for loading of the valveprosthesis therein, as described in greater detail below. Morespecifically, each tether 216 is looped through a portion of the valveprosthesis and around the proximal portion of the corresponding tetherpost 212 (within the corresponding groove 214) such that the valveprosthesis is releasably coupled to the delivery catheter.

FIGS. 7A-7B illustrate an embodiment of a valve prosthesis 300 for usewith the systems, devices and methods described herein. For example, andnot by way of limitation, the valve prosthesis 300 may include featuresdescribed in W.I.P.O. Publication No. WO 2016/133950 to MedtronicVascular, Inc., the contents of which are incorporated by referenceherein in their entirety. More particularly, FIGS. 7A and 7B illustratea frame 302 in an expanded (deployed) configuration removed from aremainder of the valve prosthesis 300. FIG. 7A is a side view of theframe 302 and FIG. 7B is a top or inflow view of the frame 302 taken inthe direction of line 7B-7B in FIG. 7A. The frame 302 may be a unitarystructure that defines an inflow portion 304, and a valve-retainingtubular portion 306. A first or inflow end 308 and a second or outflowend 310 of the frame 302 are generally defined by a plurality ofrespective crowns 312 formed by struts 314 of the frame 302. Inembodiments in accordance herewith, the frame 302 may be formed to beself-expanding and therefore can be forced and constrained into thecompressed configuration when loaded within a delivery catheter. Theframe 302 includes a shape memory to self-expand and return to itsnatural, expanded configuration, shown in FIG. 7A, upon removal of theconstraining force(s) of the delivery catheter.

Although FIGS. 7A-7B show a specific embodiment of an example valveprosthesis 300, it is understood that the devices and methods of thepresent application may be used with other heart valve prostheses, orother prostheses. Further, as noted above, FIGS. 7A-7B do not show theprosthetic valve which is attached to the frame 302, or other featuressuch as skirts, etc.

With the above construction and components in mind and turning to FIG.8A, the outer sheath 204 of the delivery device 200 serves to retain thetethers 216 relative to the corresponding tether post 212. As a point ofreference, FIG. 8A illustrates a distal end 218 of the outer sheath 204as being proximal the tether posts 212 for ease of illustration. In thedelivery state of the delivery catheter 200, however, the distal end 218is distal the tether posts 212 so as to maintain engagement of thetethers 216 with the tether posts 212. Further, in the delivery statethe distal end 218 is located distal of the valve prosthesis 300 toconstrain the valve prosthesis 300 to the compressed configuration.

Connection between the tether(s), the valve prosthesis, and othercomponents of the delivery catheter can assume a variety of forms inaccordance with the present disclosure. For example, FIG. 8A illustratesa portion of the delivery catheter 200 coupled to a portion of the frame302 of the valve prosthesis 300, described previously. The deliverycatheter 200 includes the outer sheath 204, the inner shaft assembly 202(primarily hidden in FIG. 8A but shown in FIG. 8B), and a hub assembly220. The hub assembly 220 includes a valve support 222, the valveretainer 210, and the plurality of tethers 216. The valve retainer 210is attached to, or formed by, the inner shaft assembly 202, and forms aplurality of tether posts 212 (one of which is visible in FIG. 8A). Agroove 214 is defined about each of the tether posts 212, and is sizedto receive a corresponding tether 216 therein and around the tether post212. In the delivery state generally reflected by FIG. 8A, each of thetethers 216 extends from the valve retainer 210 and is looped throughthe frame 302 of the valve prosthesis 300. For example, as shown in FIG.8A, the tether 216 is looped through or around two crowns 312 formed ata first end 304 of the frame 302. FIG. 8B is a simplifiedcross-sectional view of a portion of the delivery catheter 200, andreflects that the tether 216 is looped about the corresponding tetherpost 212 within the corresponding groove 214, effectively defining afirst and second tether segment 216 a, 216 b extending from the tetherpost 212. The tether segments 216 a, 216 b are looped through the frame302 (FIG. 8A) and then routed proximally through the valve retainer 210.The tether segments 216 a, 216 b can extend to the handle assembly 201(not shown) of the delivery catheter 200 or can be connected to anothercomponent of the delivery catheter 200 adapted to facilitate usercontrol over a tension in the tether 216.

With an understanding of the components of the system 100, and withreference to FIGS. 9-14, it is now possible to describe theirinteraction and a method of loading the valve prosthesis 300 into thedelivery catheter 200 utilizing the embodiment of the tool 102 of FIG.3A.

Referring to FIG. 9, the tool 102 is fitted over the distal portion ofthe delivery catheter 200. More specifically, the distal tip 206 of thedelivery catheter 200 is placed into the proximal end 106 of the centralpassageway 110 of the body portion 104 of the tool 102, and the tool 102is moved proximally over the distal portion of the delivery catheter200. Alternatively, the delivery catheter 200 may be advanced distallythrough the central passageway 410 of the tool 102. The tool 102 ispositioned over the distal portion of the outer sheath 204 of thedelivery catheter 200. In FIG. 9, the tool 102 is proximal of the distalend 218 of the outer sheath 204. However, the tool 102 is advanceddistally until the contact surface 150 of each pivotable element 136positioned with a distal end of the contact surface 150 aligned with adistal end of the corresponding tether post 212. The tool 102 is alignedcircumferentially such that the contact surface 150 of each pivotableelement 136 is positioned along the longitudinal centerline of therespective tether post 212. The distal end 218 of the outer sheath 204is proximal of the valve retainer 210 such that each pivotable element136 rests on a corresponding tether post 212. In FIG. 9, the tethers 216are shown in a retracted position. The biasing element places inwardradial pressure (compression) on each pivotable element 136 toward thefirst longitudinal axis LA1 such that the contact surface of eachpivotable element 136 remains in physical contact with the respectivetether post 212.

With each contact surface 150 of the plurality of pivotable elements 136in contact with the respective tether post 212, the plurality of tethers216 are extended by manipulation of the handle assembly 201 (not shown)to form large loops, as shown in in FIG. 10.

Once the plurality of tethers 216 are in large loops, the valveprosthesis 300 is connected to the valve retainer 210 of the deliverycatheter 200. In an embodiment, each tether 216 is looped through oraround two crowns 312 of the valve prosthesis 300, as shown in FIG. 11.Alternately, the tether 216 may be looped around more or fewer crowns312 or around the struts 314, or any other structure or in anycombination suitable for the purposes described herein. Next, the useractuates the corresponding pivotable element 136 to transition thepivotable element 136 from the first configuration to the secondconfiguration. More specifically, an inward radial force is applied tothe actuator surface 146 of the respective pivotable element 136 totransition the pivotable element 136 from the first configuration to thesecond configuration. Once the pivotable element 136 is in the secondconfiguration, the tether 216 is looped around the corresponding tetherpost 212 within the adjacent groove 214 of the delivery catheter 200, asgenerally shown in FIG. 11. After the tether 216 is looped around thetether post 212 and within the adjacent groove 214, the user releasesthe pivotable element 136. More specifically, the user-applied inwardradial force on the actuating surface 146 of the pivotable element 136is released. Upon release of the pivotable element 136, the biasingelement 162 exerts an inward radial force on the distal portion of thepivotable element 136 and the pivotable element 136 pivots from thesecond configuration to the first configuration. Upon transition to thefirst configuration, the contact surface 150 of the pivotable element136 contacts the tether post 212 and covers the adjacent groove 214, asshown in FIG. 11. The biasing element 162 exerts an inward radial forceon each pivotable elements 136 such that the contact surface 150 of eachpivotable element 136 is compressively forced against the respectivetether post 212, retaining the corresponding tether 216. This action iscompleted for each tether 216 and corresponding tether post 212 of thedelivery catheter 200. Alternatively, each pivotable element 136 may betransitioned from the second to the third configuration before loopingeach tether 216 around the corresponding tether post 212 and within theadjacent groove 214, and then returned to the first configuration aftereach tether 216 is disposed in the respective groove 214.

When the plurality of tethers 216 are retained by the valve retainer 210and the plurality of pivotable elements 136 disposed thereon, the handleassembly 201 (not shown) is manipulated by the user and the plurality oftethers 216 are retracted to remove slack. Once the slack is removed,the outer sheath 204 of the delivery catheter 200 is moved distally bymanipulating the handle assembly 201 (not shown). As the outer sheath204 advances distally, it will lift (slide under) each contact surface150 of each pivotable element 136, thereby covering the respectivegrooves 214 and tether posts 212 and retaining the tether(s) 216therein. Each tether 216 is thus retained in the corresponding groove214 and around the corresponding tether post 212 by an inner surface ofthe outer sheath 204, as shown in FIG. 12, with the plurality ofpivotable elements 136 in the third configuration for clarity (i.e., thepivotable elements 136 would be in the first configuration). Thus, thevalve prosthesis 300 is releasably coupled to the delivery catheter 200.

Once the valve prosthesis 300 is releasably coupled to the deliverycatheter 200, each pivotable element 136 is actuated such that eachpivotable element 136 transitions from the first configuration to thesecond, as previously described, and then to the third configuration, asgenerally reflected in FIG. 13A. More specifically, the actuator surface146 is manipulated with application of a longitudinal force applieddistally thereto. The longitudinal force applied distally to theactuator surface 146 of the pivotable element 136 slides/translates thepivotable element 136 distally within the corresponding pivotableelement slot 124, transitioning the pivotable element 136 from thesecond configuration to the third configuration. As describedpreviously, the pivotable element 136 will remain in the thirdconfiguration until transitioned by the user to the secondconfiguration. This action is completed for each pivotable element 136of the tool 102.

With the valve prosthesis 300 releasably coupled to the deliverycatheter 200 and each pivotable element 136 in the third configuration,the tool is advanced distally relative to the outer sheath 204 such thatthe distal end 118 of the tool 102 is distal of the distal end 218 ofthe outer sheath 204. Next, the outer sheath 204 is advanced distally bymanipulation of the handle assembly 201 (not shown) and the tool 102 isadvanced distally with the outer sheath 204 such that the valveprosthesis 300 is radially collapsed within the advancing outer sheath204 (FIG. 13A) and the tool 102. The tapered portion 118 (FIG. 13B) ofthe tool 102 assists in radially collapsing the valve prosthesis 300. Ifthe valve prosthesis includes arms 320, as shown, the arms 320 may beplaced over the tool (FIG. 13B) such that the arms 320 evert as theouter sheath 204 and the tool 102 are advanced, as shown in FIG.13B-13D. FIGS. 13A-13D illustrate the slow radial collapse and loadingof the valve prosthesis 300 into the outer sheath 204 of the deliverycatheter 200. The outer sheath 204 is advanced until the distal end 218contacts a proximal end of the distal tip 206, as shown in FIG. 14. Thecompressed valve prosthesis 300 is now retained within the capsule 208of the delivery catheter 200. The loading tool 102 may now be removedfrom the delivery catheter 200 by sliding it distally off the distal endof the delivery catheter 200.

While the preceding method is described with specific configurations ofthe plurality of pivotable elements 136 in a particular step, this isnot meant to limit the method, and the order of the particular steps andconfiguration of each pivotable element 136 in each step may be alteredby the user as desired or for specific applications or based upon userpreference. For example, any time a pivotable element is transitioned tothe second configuration, the user may optionally transition thepivotable element 136 to the third configuration. Similarly, any time apivotable element is transitioned to the third configuration, the usermay opt to leave the pivotable element in the second configuration.

While the previous procedure is described with reference to theembodiment of FIG. 3A, other embodiments of the tool 102, such as, butnot limited to the embodiment of FIG. 3B, may be utilized with thesimilar procedure with minor modifications. For example, in theembodiment of the tool 102′ of FIG. 3B, the procedure is modified withthe additional step of positioning a collapsing cone at the distal endof the tool 102′ after the valve prosthesis 300 is releasably coupled tothe delivery catheter 200 and prior to collapsing the valve prosthesis300 into the capsule 208. As would be understood by one skilled in theart, the collapsing cone is positioned to assist is collapsing the valveprosthesis 300 into a radially compressed configuration for loading intothe capsule 208 of the delivery catheter 200.

FIGS. 15-25 illustrate a system 400 and a method for loading a valveprosthesis into a delivery catheter in accordance with anotherembodiment hereof. The system 400 includes a loading tool 402 (hereafterreferred to as “tool 402” for sake of simplicity) and a deliverycatheter, such as the delivery catheter 200 described previously. Thesystem 400 further includes a loading configuration wherein the deliverycatheter 200 is received within a central passageway 410 of the tool 402for loading of a valve prosthesis (not shown) therein, and a deliveryconfiguration wherein the delivery catheter 200 is not received withinthe tool 402. The system 400 is configured such that when the system 400is in the loading configuration, the loading tool 402 assists in loadingthe valve prosthesis into the delivery catheter 200, as described ingreater detail below.

In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 15-19, the tool 402 is similar tothe tool 102 described previously. In general, the tool 402 includes abody portion 404, the central passageway 410, a plurality of pivotablearms 436, and a biasing element 462. The loading tool 402 is configuredto assist in the loading of a valve prosthesis, such as the valveprosthesis 300 described previously, into a capsule of the deliverycatheter, such as the capsule 208 of the delivery catheter 200 describedpreviously. Therefore, similar construction and alternatives of the tool402 will not be described here. However, unlike the tool 102, the tool402 includes a securing device 470. Further, in an embodiment, the tool402 includes a pivot bore 432 instead of a pivot slot.

The body portion 404 of the tool 402 includes a proximal end 406, adistal end 408 and the central passageway 410, as shown in FIG. 15 andin greater detail in FIG. 17. The central passageway 410 extendsdistally from the proximal end 406 to the distal end 408. The centralpassageway 410 is an opening (bore or lumen) extending through theentirety of the longitudinal center of the body portion 404 along afirst longitudinal axis LA1. The body portion 404 is configured to slideonto (over), or alternatively, receive within the central passageway 410the distal portion of the delivery catheter. When positioned over thedistal portion of the delivery catheter, the body portion 404 is furtherconfigured to assist in loading the valve prosthesis into the deliverycatheter. In an embodiment, the central passageway 410 is furtherconfigured to receive a portion of the securing device 470 in a proximalportion thereof.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 17, the central passageway 410 (shown asthe dotted line) of the body portion 404 includes a threadable portion412, a tapered portion 418, and a distal portion 419. The threadableportion 412 extends distally from a proximal end 414 co-located with theproximal end 406 of the body portion 404 to a distal end 416, proximalof the distal end 408 of the body portion 404. The proximal portion 412is of a generally cylindrical shape and of a consistent first diameterD1. In an embodiment, the inner surface of the proximal portion 412includes a plurality of helical threads 413 (hereafter referred to as“threads 413” for sake of simplicity). The threads 413 are configured toreceive and engage a corresponding plurality of helical threads 498(hereafter referred to as “threads 498” for sake of simplicity) of thesecuring device 470 when disposed therein, as described in greaterdetail below. The tapered portion 418 of the central passageway 410extends from a proximal end 420 coupled to the distal end 416 of theproximal portion 412 distally to a distal end 422, located proximal ofthe distal end 414. The tapered portion 418 tapers radially inward fromthe proximal end 420 with the first diameter D1 to the distal end 422with a second diameter D2, wherein the second diameter D2 is smallerthan the first diameter D1. Thus, the tapered portion 418 is of agenerally frustoconical in shape with the larger, first diameter D1 atthe proximal end 420 tapering down (reducing in diameter) distally tothe distal end 422. The tapered portion 418 is configured to provideincreasing inward radial force on a distal portion of the securingdevice 470 when the securing device 470 is disposed therein, asdescribed in greater detail below. The distal portion 419 extendsdistally from a proximal end 421 co-located with the distal end 422 ofthe tapered portion 418 to a distal end 423, co-located at the distalend 408 of the body portion 404. The proximal portion 412 is of agenerally cylindrical shape and of a consistent second diameter D2.While the proximal portion 412 is shown with a specific number, pitch,and handedness of threads 413, this is not meant to limit the invention,and the threads 413 may be of a greater or fewer number, with a greateror lesser pitch and a different handedness. Moreover, the threads 413may be an integral component of the proximal portion 412 of the centralpassageway 410 or may be a separate component coupled to proximalportion 412 of the central passageway 410 by methods such as, but notlimited to adhesives, bonding, or other methods suitable for thepurposes described herein. The body portion 404 may be formed of metaland/or polymeric materials such as, but not limited to polyethylene,PEBA, polyamide and/or combinations thereof. The body portion 404 may beformed by various methods, non-limiting examples of which includemachining, extrusion, molding, or other methods and combinations ofmethods.

The tool 402 includes the plurality of pivotable elements 436. In anembodiment shown in FIG. 15 and in greater detail in FIG. 18, eachpivotable element 436 is similar in construction and alternatives to theplurality of pivotable elements 136 of FIG. 1, except that eachpivotable element 436 includes a pivot bore 452 rather than a pivotslot. Each pivot bore 452 is a circular aperture extending transverselythrough the pivotable element 436 and aligned with the correspondingpivot bore 432 such that a corresponding pivot 434 may be disposedtherethrough, as shown in FIG. 16. Thus, the pivotable element 436 maypivot about the corresponding pivot 434. Each pivotable element 436 ispivotable between a first (closed) configuration and a second (open)configuration. In the first configuration, a contact surface 450 of thepivotable element 436 contacts an outer surface of the delivery catheter200 when the system 400 is in the loading configuration, as shown inFIG. 15. In the second configuration, the contact surface 450 of therespective pivotable element 436 is disposed radially outward of thefirst longitudinal axis LA1, as shown in FIG. 16, and does not contactan outer surface of the delivery catheter 200 when the system 400 is inthe loading configuration.

The biasing element 462 is similar to the biasing element 162 describedpreviously. Therefore, details of the biasing element 462 will not beincluded here. In an embodiment, the biasing element 462 is an elasticband disposed circumferentially around the pivotable elements 436. Thebiasing element 462 is disposed in a slot 458 in each of the pivotableelements 436 (FIG. 18).

The tool 402 further includes the securing device 470. The securingdevice 470 is configured to secure or releasably couple the tool 402 tothe delivery catheter during loading of the valve prosthesis into thedelivery catheter. In an embodiment, shown in FIG. 19, the securingdevice 470 is configured to be threadably engaged with the centralpassageway 410 (FIG. 15) and tightenable onto the delivery catheter.More specifically, a distal portion of the securing device 470 isconfigured to be received within a corresponding portion of the centralpassageway 410 (FIG. 15). In an embodiment, the securing device 470includes a body 472 and a lumen 474. The body 472 of the securing device470 includes a proximal end 476, a distal end 478 and the lumen 474. Thelumen 474 extends from the proximal end 476 to the distal end 478. Thelumen 474 is an opening (bore) extending through the entirety of thelongitudinal center of the body 472 of the securing device 470 along alongitudinal axis LA2. The lumen 474 includes a diameter D3 and isconfigured to receive a distal portion of the delivery cathetertherethrough. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 19, the body 472 includesa gripable portion 480, a threaded portion 486, and a collet portion orplurality of fingers 492. The body 472, including the gripable portion480, the threaded portion 486, and the plurality of fingers 492 of thesecuring device 470 may be formed of metal and/or polymeric materialssuch as, but not limited to polyethylene, PEBA, polyamide and/orcombinations thereof. The body 472 and its components may be formed byvarious methods, non-limiting examples of which include machining,extrusion, molding, or other methods and combinations of methods.

The gripable portion 480 extends distally from a proximal end 482co-located with the proximal end 476 of the body 472 to a distal end484, proximal of the distal end 478 of the body 472. The gripableportion 480 is of a generally cylindrical shape and is configured to bedisposed proximal of the body portion 404 of the tool 402. The gripableportion 480 is further configured such that manipulation of the gripableportion 480 releasably couples or uncouples the securing device 470 tothe body portion 404, and hence releasably couples or uncouples the tool402 to the delivery device 200 disposed therethrough. The outer radialsurface of the gripable portion 480 may include a shape or texturethereon to assist in manipulation of the gripable portion 480.

The threaded portion 486 of the securing device 470 extends from aproximal end 488 coupled to the distal end 484 of the gripable portion480 distally to a distal end 490, located proximal of the distal end 478of the securing device 470. The threaded portion 486 is of a generallycylindrical shape and is configured to be disposed within the proximalportion 412 of the body portion 404 of the tool 402. In an embodiment,the outer surface of the threaded portion 486 includes the threads 498.The threads 498 are configured to engage the corresponding threads 413of the body portion 404 of the tool 402 such that rotation of thesecuring device 470 and the threads 498 coupled thereto translates(axially moves) the securing device 470 distally or proximally withinthe central passageway 410 of the body portion 404. The threaded portion486 is shown in FIG. 19 with a specific number, pitch, and handedness ofthreads 498, however, this is not meant to limit the invention and thethreads 498 may be of a greater or fewer number, with a greater orsmaller pitch and a different handedness corresponding to the threads413 of the central passageway 410. The threads 498 may be an integralcomponent of the securing device 470 or may be a separate componentcoupled to the securing device by methods such as, but not limited toadhesives, bonding, or other methods suitable for the purposes describedherein.

The plurality of fingers 492 extend distally from a proximal end 494co-located with the distal end 490 of the threaded portion 486 to adistal end 496. The plurality of fingers 492 are configured to bedisposed within the tapered portion 418 (FIG. 17) of the centralpassageway 410 body portion 404 of the tool 402. The plurality offingers 492 are further configured to deform radially upon applicationof a radial force applied thereto. While the securing device 470 isshown with four (4) fingers 492, this is not meant to limit theinvention, and more or fewer fingers 492 may be utilized.

With an understanding of the components of the system 400, and withreference to FIGS. 20-26, it is now possible to describe a method ofloading the valve prosthesis using the exemplary valve prosthesis 300,described previously with respect to FIGS. 7A-7B into the deliverycatheter 200, described previously with respect to FIGS. 6A-6B and FIGS.8A-8B utilizing the embodiment of the tool 402 of FIG. 15.

Referring to FIG. 20, the tool 402 is fitted over the distal portion ofthe delivery catheter 200. More specifically, the distal tip 206 of thedelivery catheter 200 is placed into the proximal end 406 of the centralpassageway 410 of the loading tool 402, and the tool 402 is movedproximally over the distal portion of the delivery catheter 200. Theloading tool 402 is positioned over the distal portion of the deliverycatheter 200 (and more specifically the outer sheath 204) with eachcontact surface 450 of each pivotable element 436 of the loading tool402 positioned with a distal end of the contact surface 450 aligned witha distal end of the corresponding tether post 212. The contact surface450 of each pivotable element 436 is longitudinally aligned such thatthe contact surface 450 covers the corresponding tether post 212 and thecorresponding groove 214. The loading tool 402 is alignedcircumferentially such that the contact surface 450 of each pivotableelement 436 is positioned along the longitudinal centerline of thecorresponding tether post 212. As shown in FIG. 20, the distal end ofthe outer sheath 204 is proximal of the tether posts 212. The biasingelement 462 of the loading tool 402 exerts inward radial on eachpivotable element 436 inward toward the first longitudinal axis LA1 ofthe tool body portion 404 such that the contact surface 450 of eachpivotable element 436 will remain in physical contact with therespective tether post 212.

Once the loading tool 402 is properly positioned correctly over thedistal portion of the delivery catheter 200 with the contact surfaces450 of the plurality of pivotable arms 436 disposed over and in contactwith the corresponding tether post 212, the gripable portion 480 of thesecuring device 470 is rotated in a first direction such that thethreads 498 (FIG. 19) of the securing device 470 engage with thecorresponding threads 413 (FIG. 17) of the central passageway 410 (FIG.17) to move (translate) the securing device 470 distally (in thedirection of arrow 497, as shown in FIG. 20) within the centralpassageway 410 and relative to the body portion 404. The distal movementof the securing device 470 relative to the body portion 404 moves theplurality of fingers 492 of the securing device 470 distally furtherinto the tapered portion 418. As the plurality of fingers 492 advancefurther distally into the tapered portion 418 of the central passageway410, the decreasing diameter of the tapered portion 418 imparts anincreasing inward radial force (pressure) on the plurality of fingers492 disposed therein. The inward radial force (pressure) imparted by thewall of the central passageway 410 deforms the fingers 492 radiallyinward. With continued distal movement of the fingers 492 within thetapered portion 418 of the central passageway 410, the deformation ofthe fingers 492 increases until an inner surface of the plurality offingers 492 contacts the outer surface of the outer sheath 204 disposedtherein to releasably couple (grip or secure) the tool 402 to the outershaft 204 of the delivery catheter 200. Securing the tool 402 to thedelivery catheter 200 ensures that the tool 402 will not move during thesecuring of the tethers, described below, thereby enabling the user touse both hands to secure the tethers. Next, with the tool 402 releasablycoupled to the outer sheath 204 of the delivery catheter 200 and thecontact surface 450 of each pivotable element 436 in contact with therespective tether posts 212, the plurality of tethers 216 are extendedby manipulation of the handle assembly 201 (not shown) to form largeloops as shown in in FIG. 20.

Once the tethers 216 are in large loops, the valve prosthesis 300 isconnected to the valve retainer 210 of the delivery catheter 200. FIG.21 shows how each tether 216 is doubled back on itself and can beinserted into a groove 214 of a tether post 212 while the user presseson the actuating surface 446 of a pivotable element 436. FIG. 21 isshown without the valve prosthesis 300 for clarity. In practice, in anembodiment, each tether 216 is looped through or around two crowns 312of the valve prosthesis 300. The user then actuates the correspondingpivotable element 436 to transition the pivotable element 436 from thefirst configuration to the second configuration. Once the pivotableelement 436 is in the second configuration, the tether 216 is loopedaround the corresponding tether post 212 within the corresponding groove214 thereof, as generally shown in FIGS. 22A-22B. When the respectivetether 216 is looped around the tether post 212 and in the adjacentgroove 214, the user deactuates the pivotable element 436. Morespecifically, the user-applied inward radial pressure (force) on thepivotable element 436 is removed. When the user actuated inward radialpressure (force) is removed, the biasing element 462 exerts an inwardradial force on the distal portion of the pivotable element 436. Theinward radial force from the biasing element 462 pivots the pivotableelement 436 to the first (closed) configuration and the contact surface450 contacts the tether post 212, covering the tether post 212 and theadjacent groove 214. When in contact with the tether post 212 andcovering the groove 214, the contact surface 450 retains thecorresponding tether 216 therein. This action is completed for eachtether 216 and corresponding tether post 212 of the delivery catheter200.

Once the plurality of tethers 216 looped around the corresponding tetherposts 212 and are retained within the corresponding groove 214 by therespective pivotable elements 436, the gripable portion 480 of thesecuring device 470 is rotated in a second direction opposite the firstdirection. Rotation of the gripable portion 480 in the second directionmoves the securing device 470 proximally with respect to the bodyportion 404 of the tool 402. More specifically, the plurality of fingers492 of the securing device 470 move proximally within the taperedportion 418 of the central passageway 410 and the increasing diameter ofthe tapered portion 418 releases the inward radial force (pressure) onthe plurality of fingers 492. The decreasing inward radial force(pressure) allows the plurality of fingers 492 (FIG. 19) to return totheir original (undeformed) shape and the inner surface of the pluralityof fingers 492 disengage from the outer surface of the outer sheath 204to uncouple the tool 402 from the delivery catheter 200. However, thebody portion 404 of the tool 402 remains in place such that thepivotable elements 436 retain the tethers 216 within the grooves 214around the tether posts 212. The above-described loosening of thesecuring device 470 allows relative movement between the outer shaft 404and the tool 402, but the tool 402 is held in place by the user.

Once the tethers 216 are secured around the tether posts 212 and thetool 402 has been loosened, the outer sheath 204 of the deliverycatheter 200 is moved distally by manipulating the handle assembly 201(not shown). As the outer sheath 204 advances distally, it will lift(slide under) each contact surface 450 (FIG. 22B) of each pivotableelement 436, thereby covering the respective grooves 214 and tetherposts 212 and retaining the tethers 216 therein. Each tether 216 is thusretained in the corresponding groove 214 and around the correspondingtether post 212 by an inner surface of the outer sheath 204, and thevalve prosthesis 300 is releasably coupled to the delivery catheter 200,as shown in FIG. 23.

With the valve prosthesis 300 releasably coupled to the deliverycatheter 200, the tool 402 may be retracted proximally away from thedistal end 218 of the outer sheath 204, as shown in FIG. 23. Also, thehandle assembly 201 is manipulated by the user and the plurality oftethers 216 are retracted to remove slack, as shown in FIG. 23.

A loading cone 500 may next be positioned over the outer sheath 204 nearthe distal end 218. The loading cone 500 is shown in FIGS. 24A and 24B.In an embodiment, the loading cone 500 includes a first body portion5023a and a second body portion 502b configured to be coupled to eachother. The first and second body portions 502a, 502b are split along alongitudinal parting line 502, as shown in FIG. 24A. The first andsecond body portions 502a, 502b may be coupled together by matching upcircumferential edges 520, 522 of each (see FIG. 24B). The edges 520,522 may include features to couple the first and second body portions502a, 502b together, such as, but not limited to, a protrusion in one ofthe edges of one of the body portions and a corresponding groove in thecorresponding edge of the other body portion.

The loading cone 500 includes a proximal end 507 and a distal end 508.The loading cone further includes a first, generally cylindrical portion504 and a second, generally frustoconical portion 506. The loading conefurther includes a central passageway 510 extending from the proximalend 507 to the distal end 508, as shown by the dotted lines in FIG. 24A.The central passageway 510 includes a proximal portion 512, a centralportion 513, and a distal, flaring portion 514. The proximal portion 512has a generally consistent first diameter D1 extend from the proximalend 507 of the loading cone 500 to a location adjacent but proximal ofthe second portion 506 of the loading cone 500. The central portion 513of the central passageway 510 begins at a shoulder 516 that reduces thediameter of the central passageway from the first diameter D1 to asecond diameter D2. As explained in more detail below, when the loadingcone is secured to the outer shaft 204 of the delivery catheter 200, theouter sheath 204 is disposed in the proximal portion 512 of the centralpassageway 510 with the distal end 218 of the outer shaft 204 isdisposed against or abutting the shoulder 516. The distal portion 514 ofthe central passageway 510 extends from a proximal end co-located with adistal end of the central portion 513, and flares outwardly to a distalend at the distal end 508 of the loading cone 500. The distal portion514 of the central passageway flares from the second diameter D2 to athird diameter D3 that is larger than the second diameter D2 and largerthan the first diameter D2. Although a specific embodiment of a loadingcone has been described above, other loading cones may be utilized inkeeping with the purposes described herein.

The loading cone 500 is split along the parting line 503 and placedaround the outer sheath 204. The loading cone 500 is located such thatthe outer sheath 204 is disposed in the proximal portion 512 of thecentral passageway 510 and the distal end 418 of the outer sheathabutting against the shoulder 516. A zip tie 530 or similar securingdevice may be used to securely couple the loading cone to the outersheath 204, as shown in FIG. 25A. With the loading cone 500 secured tothe outer sheath 204 as described, the outer sheath 204 is advanceddistally by manipulation of the handle assembly 201. As the outer sheath204 is advanced, the distal end 418 of the outer sheath 204 pushesagainst the shoulder 516 of the loading cone 500, thereby advancing theloading cone 500 with the outer sheath 204. As the outer sheath 204 andloading cone 500 are advanced, the valve prosthesis 300 is radiallycollapsed within the distally advancing outer sheath 204. The loadingcone 500 assists in radially collapsing the valve prosthesis 300. FIGS.25A-25E illustrate the slow radial collapse and loading (movement) ofthe valve prosthesis 300 into the outer sheath 204 of the deliverycatheter 200 of the system 400. If the valve prosthesis includes arms320, as shown, the arms 320 may be situated such that the distal end 508of the loading cone 500 everts the arms 320 as the outer sheath 204 andthe loading cone 500 are advanced, as shown in FIG. 25C-25E.

With the valve prosthesis 300 fully retained within the capsule 208 ofthe delivery catheter 200, the outer sheath 204 is advanced until thedistal end 218 contacts the proximal end of the distal tip 206. Thecompressed valve prosthesis 300 is now retained within the capsule 208of the delivery catheter 200, as shown in FIG. 26. The loading cone 500is then removed. Finally, the loading tool 402 may now be removed fromthe delivery catheter 200 by sliding it distally off the distal end ofthe delivery catheter 200.

While the present disclosure is directed to a system, including aloading tool (“tool”) for loading a valve prosthesis (stentedtranscatheter prosthetic heart valve) into a delivery catheter withtethers, the loading tools disclosed herein are not limited for use withthe valve prostheses described herein or limited for use with deliverycatheters with tethers. For example, and not by way of limitation, theloading tools disclosed herein may be useful for assisting in loadingother valve prostheses, stented prosthetic heart valves, stents,stent-grafts, and other similar devices into other delivery catheters.Further, rather than trapping tethers of the delivery catheter, asdescribed above, the loading tools described herein may trap otheritems, such as, but not limited to, crowns of valve prostheses.

While only some embodiments of systems, devices and methods have beendescribed herein, it should be understood that it has been presented byway of illustration and example only, and not limitation. Variouschanges in form and detail can be made therein without departing fromthe spirit and scope of the invention. Each feature of each embodimentdiscussed herein, and each reference cited herein, can be used incombination with the features of any other embodiment. All patents andpublications discussed herein are incorporated by reference herein intheir entirety.

What is claimed is:
 1. A tool for loading a transcatheter prosthesiswithin a delivery catheter comprising: a body portion including acentral passageway, the central passageway extending from a proximal endto a distal end thereof, the body portion configured to slidably receivea distal portion of the delivery catheter therein; a pivotable elementattached to the body portion, the pivotable element being configured tosecure a tether during loading of a transcatheter prosthesis within thedelivery catheter; and a biasing element compressing the pivotableelement against the body portion, wherein the biased pivotable elementis configured to hold a second end of the pivotable element against thedelivery catheter for securing the tether thereto during loading of thetranscatheter prosthesis.
 2. The tool of claim 1, wherein the pivotableelement includes a first configuration wherein a contact surface at thesecond end of the pivotable element is parallel with a longitudinal axisof the tool.
 3. The tool of claim 2, wherein the contact surface at thesecond end of the pivotable element is biased toward the longitudinalaxis of the tool.
 4. The tool of claim 1, wherein the pivotable elementincludes a second configuration wherein the second end of the pivotableelement is disposed radially outward of the distal end of the bodyportion.
 5. The tool of claim 1, wherein the pivotable element is two ormore pivotable elements each of which is attached to the body portion bya respective pivot.
 6. The tool of claim 5, wherein the two or morepivotable elements are equally spaced about a perimeter of the tool. 7.The tool of claim 1, wherein the pivot is a pin that extends through aslot in the pivotable element.
 8. The tool of claim 7, wherein the slotextends generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tool when thepivotable element is in the second configuration such that the pivotableelement is distally slidable along the pin relative to the body portionto be locked in a third configuration whereby the second end of thepivotable element is disposed radially outward of the distal end of thebody portion.
 9. The tool of claim 1, wherein a central passageway ofthe body portion has a first diameter at the distal end and a seconddiameter proximal of the distal end with a tapered segment therebetween.
 10. The tool of claim 1, further comprising: a securing deviceto releasably couple the tool to the delivery catheter.
 11. The tool ofclaim 10, wherein the securing device is a collet that is threadablyengaged with the central passageway to be tightenable onto the deliverycatheter.
 12. A system for loading a transcatheter prosthesis within adelivery catheter comprising: a delivery catheter having a tether forattaching the transcatheter prosthesis to the delivery catheter duringloading; and a loading tool being configured to slide onto the deliverycatheter and having a pivotable element for securing a looped end of thetether against the delivery catheter during loading of the transcatheterprosthesis.
 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the loading toolincludes a body portion having an inner surface that defines a centralpassageway from a proximal end to a distal end thereof, wherein thecentral passageway is sized to slidably receive a distal portion of thedelivery catheter therein.
 14. The system of claim 13, wherein thecentral passageway of the loading tool has a conically tapered distalsegment for compressing the transcatheter prosthesis during loading. 15.The system of claim 13, wherein the pivotable element is attached by apivot to the body portion, the pivotable element having a first endproximal of the pivot for manipulation by a user and having a second enddistal of the pivot and wherein the second end has a bend that extendsover the distal end of the body portion when the pivotable element is ina first configuration.
 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the loadingtool includes a means for biasing the pivotable element against the bodyportion and wherein in the first configuration the means for biasing thepivotable element biases the second end of the pivotable element againsta tether retainer of the delivery catheter such that the looped end ofthe tether is secured relative to or against the delivery catheter. 17.The system of claim 15, wherein the pivot is a pin (or shaft) thatextends through a slot in the pivotable element.
 18. The system of claim17, wherein the slot in the pivotable element extends longitudinallysuch that the pivotable element is distally slidable along thecorresponding pin relative to the body portion to a third configurationin which the second end of the pivotable element is disposed and lockedradially outward relative to the delivery catheter.
 19. The system ofclaim 12, wherein the loading tool includes a securing device toreleasably couple the loading tool to the delivery catheter.
 20. Thesystem of claim 19, wherein the securing device of the loading tool is acollet that is threadably engaged with the central passageway of theloading tool and configured to be tightenable such that the loading toolmay be releasably coupled onto the delivery catheter.
 21. The system ofclaim 12, wherein the pivotable element of the loading tool is two ormore pivotable elements each of which is configured for securing thelooped end of a respective tether against the delivery catheter.
 22. Thesystem of claim 21, wherein the two or more pivotable elements areequally spaced about a perimeter of the tool.